时-空二维波传播分解方法及其在季节内振荡分析中的应用     

王伟  李建平  丁瑞强 《气象学报》2011,69(4):555-569

大气季节内振荡最显著的特征之一就是其复杂多变的传播特征。为了进一步分析大气季节内振荡的传播特征及其不同传播方向分量的不同作用,基于波的传播理论,对时-空谱分析进行了发展,提出了时-空二维波传播分解方法,并用理想函数验证了其正确性和可行性。结果表明:对任一时-空二维序列,采用此方法均可正确地分解得到空间上具有不同传播方向的3部分分量:前进波、后退波和驻波分量。之后,对向外长波辐射(OLR)、200和850hPa纬向风的东传、西传分量以及驻波分量分别进行联合经验正交函数(CEOF)分析。结果表明,在东传分量上,热带大气季节内振荡主要表现为纬向1波的向东传播,与对流层高、低层纬向风呈现反位相的斜压结构,和未分解的情况相比,前两个主要模态重要性的排序出现了颠倒,说明通过时-空二维波传播分解,避开了各分量之间的相互影响,进一步揭示了前两个模态的物理意义及其在季节内振荡中的重要性;在西传分量上,热带大气季节内振荡主要表现为纬向2—3波的向西传播;驻波分量主要表现出印度洋和太平洋的反位相结构。对热带地区大气季节内振荡的东、西分量的分析,深化了对热带大气季节内振荡东传、西传特征的了解,这对于热带大气季节内振荡更加准确预报及其...  相似文献   

一次暴雪过程的锋生函数和急流—锋面次级环流分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李兆慧  王东海  王建捷  刘英 《高原气象》2011,30(6):1505-1515

2008年1月25～28日一次远离地面准静止锋的锋后暴雪突破了武汉百年气象史的多项纪录。利用NCEP再分析资料、MICAPS常规观测资料和FY-2CTBB资料诊断分析了这次暴雪过程。结果表明,这次暴雪与华南准静止锋关系密切,锋生、锋消变化与降雪天气的出现和停止一致;锋生函数各项在不同时段对锋生、锋消的贡献不同;水平变形...  相似文献   

1964-2008年辽宁省旱涝时空分布特征及演变趋势     

唐亚平  张凯  李忠娴  李岚  戴新童  严晓瑜 《辽宁气象》2011,(2):50-55

利用1964—2008年辽宁51站降水量资料,采用Z指数和区域旱涝HL指数分析了全区近45a旱涝变化。结果表明：近45a辽西、辽北以及辽东南地区单站旱涝发生频率均明显高于辽中、辽东地区;区域性洪涝指数逐渐减小,区域性干旱指数逐步增大。对辽宁51站Z指数进行了EOF和REOF分析,可知辽宁旱涝的空间分布特征除受大尺度天气系统所带来的降水量变化影响外,同时还受地理位置、海陆分布等多种因子影响。通过REOF方法可将全区分为4个区域,即Ⅰ辽西地区,Ⅱ辽北、辽西北地区,Ⅲ辽中、辽东地区和Ⅳ辽东南地区。  相似文献   

我国夏季高温极值的概率分布特征及其演变   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

周云  钱忠华  何文平  封国林 《应用气象学报》2011,22(2):145-151

针对夏季高温极值分布存在偏态性,利用Box-Cox变换,得到一种偏态概率分布拟合函数。基于偏态分布函数中的偏态指数和最概然高温极值,揭示了我国夏季高温极值的概率分布特征及其在20世纪80年代前后的变化规律,发现我国夏季高温极值的概率分布主要呈正偏分布型,最概然高温极值变化较好地反映了分布型的改变。研究不同时间尺度内极值对偏态指数和最概然高温极值的影响发现,最概然高温极值较为稳定,10年尺度内受极值影响较小,而偏态指数所受影响随着时间尺度的增大而越发显著。  相似文献   

1979-2008年华北地区对流层顶高度变化特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张红雨  周顺武  张国勇  李毓富  李新生 《气象与环境学报》2011,27(2):8-13

利用1979-2008年华北地区12个测站逐日对流层顶探空资料,运用统计学方法对该地区不同类别对流层顶发生及其高度的季节特征进行探讨,并采用线性趋势、小波分析和EOF分解等方法对其高度变化等气候特征进行分析,揭示了该地区对流层顶的季节特征及其高度变化的基本事实和规律.结果表明:华北地区第一对流层顶冬季出现多,夏季少,近...  相似文献   

Study on Probability Distributions of Multi-Timescale Aerosol Optical Depth Using AERONET Data          下载免费PDF全文

WU Lin  ZENG Qing-Cun 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(4):216-222

The probability distribution analysis is per-formed for multi-timescale aerosol optical depth (AOD) using AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) level 2.0 data.The maximum likelihood estimation is employed to determine the best-fit probability density function (PDF),and the statement that the fitting Weibull distribution will be light-tailed is proved true for these AOD samples.The best-fit PDF results for multi-site data show that the PDF of AOD samples with longer timescale in most sites tends to be stably represented by lognormal distribution,while Weibull distribution is a better fit for AOD samples with short timescales.The reason for this difference is ana-lyzed through tail characteristics of the two distributions,and an indicator for the selection between Weibull and lognormal distributions is suggested and validated.The result of this research is helpful for determining the most accurate AOD statistics for a given site and a given time-scale and for validating the retrieved AOD through its PDF.  相似文献   

自相关法单频干扰识别与消除方法          下载免费PDF全文

高少武  赵波  祝树云  罗国安  贺振华 《地球物理学报》2011,54(3):854-861

常规单频干扰压制方法需要估算频率、振幅和相位,由于频率和相位与单频干扰呈非线性函数关系,因此任何参数估算方法都会非常费时,且计算效率低下.本文提出的自相关法单频干扰识别与消除方法,利用地震数据自相关函数计算单频干扰自相关函数,采用余弦函数自适应减算法快速估算单频干扰.本方法不需要估算单频干扰的频率、相位和振幅参数,因此...  相似文献   

南海西沙地块岛屿地震观测和海陆联测初步结果   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

黄海波  丘学林  徐辉龙  赵明辉  郝天姚  胥颐  李家彪 《地球物理学报》2011,54(12):3161-3170

为了研究南海西沙地块下方的地壳结构,我们在岛屿区架设了流动地震台站进行天然地震观测和海底地震仪的人工地震探测.本文利用远震接收函数方法和射线追踪方法对琛航台的远震数据和海陆联测数据进行了初步处理和分析,建立了琛航岛下方的一维横波速度模型以及横穿琛航岛的二维地壳结构模型.琛航岛顶部存在2 km厚的新生代低速沉积层,下地壳...  相似文献   

Theory and experimental study for sliding isolators with variable curvature     

Lyan‐Ywan Lu  Shih‐Wei Yeh 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(14):1609-1627

Because a conventional isolation system with constant isolation frequency is usually a long‐period dynamic system, its seismic response is likely to be amplified in earthquakes with strong long‐period wave components, such as near‐fault ground motions. Seismic isolators with variable mechanical properties may provide a promising solution to alleviate this problem. To this end, in this work sliding isolators with variable curvature (SIVC) were studied experimentally. An SIVC isolator is similar to a friction pendulum system (FPS) isolator, except that its sliding surface has variable curvature rather being spherical. As a result, the SIVC's isolation stiffness that is proportional to the curvature becomes a function of the isolator displacement. By appropriately designing the geometry of the sliding surface, the SIVC is able to possess favorable hysteretic behavior. In order to prove the applicability of the SIVC concept, several prototype SIVC isolators, whose sliding surfaces are defined by a sixth‐order polynomial function, were fabricated and tested in this study. A cyclic element test on the prototype SIVC isolators and a shaking table test on an SIVC isolated steel frame were all conducted. The results of both tests have verified that the prototype SIVC isolators do indeed have the hysteretic property of variable stiffness as prescribed by the derived formulas in this study. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the proposed SIVC is able to effectively reduce the isolator drift in a near‐fault earthquake with strong long‐period components, as compared with that of an FPS system with the same friction coefficient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Preliminary study of lateral variation in crustal structure of Northeast China from teleseismic receiver functions     

Youlin Chen  Ruifeng Liu Zhibin Huang  Li Sun Array Information Technology  Maryl  USA China Earthquake Networks Center  Beijing  China 《地震学报(英文版)》2011,(1)

We conducted comprehensive receiver function analyses for a large amount of high-quality broadband teleseismic waveforms data recorded at 19 China National Digital Seismic Network (CNDSN) stations deployed in Northeast China.An advanced H-κ domain search method was adopted to accurately estimate the crustal thickness and vP/vS ratio.The crust has an average thickness of about 34.4 km.The thinnest crust occurs in the central region of Northeast China,while the thickest crust is beneath the Yanshan belt.The v...  相似文献